Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a cutting-edge solution for wastewater treatment due to its superior performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have driven significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These enhancements

The efficiency of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating municipal wastewater has been a subject of extensive research. These systems offer advantages such as high removal rates for pollutants, compact footprint, and reduced energy usage. This article provides an overview of recent studies that have evaluated the functional